Male factor is responsible for 30-40% of the cases of infertility.  For this reason one of the initial tests performed in a basic infertility workup is a semen analysis. This test allows the fertility specialist  to examine the count, motility and morphology (shape) of the sperm.

	Sperm count
	The normal range is between 20 and 300 million sperm per milliliter of ejaculate. A low sperm count is fewer than 20 million per milliliter of ejaculate.
	Motility
	Low sperm motility (slow moving sperms) may reduce the chances of conception, especially when coupled with low sperm count. In a normal semen sample, at least 50% of the sperm have typical movement.
	Morphology
	Sperm with abnormal morphology (shape) are often unable to move effectively and/or penetrate an egg. A normal sperm has an oval head, slim midsection and tail that with a wave-like activity

To assess the count, motility and shape of sperm, a semen sample should be provided. The sample is collected by masturbation in a private, comfortable room in the fertility center without any lubricant to prevent damage to the sperm. Alternatively, the sample may be collected at home by masturbation or during intercourse with the use of a special condom provided by RMA of Texas. Ocassionally, the test results are not normal due to problems during sample collection and the test should be repeated.

If the semen analysis is abnormal, more tests could be ordered to diagnose specific causes of infertility. If the semen analysis demonstrates signs of infection, a semen culture, prostate fluid culture and urinalysis may be ordered. An antisperm antibody test may also be ordered to evaluate potential immune system disorders.

Cumulative and life table pregnancy rates in couples with varying sperm counts

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